Caen Castle: A Millennium-Long Witness to Norman History

Perched in the heart of Caen, Caen Castle is much more than a simple medieval ruin. This stone giant, founded by William the Conqueror around 1060, embodies nearly a thousand years of history, battles, transformations, and resilience. Join us as we journey through time to explore the incredible story of this iconic fortress.

A Strategic Foundation
Upon his return from conquering England, William the Conqueror—then Duke of Normandy and future King of England—had this castle built to assert his authority over the region and protect the city of Caen. He chose a strategic location: a natural rise overlooking the Orne River, right in the center of his duchy.

Constructed from local limestone, the castle spans more than 5 hectares, quickly becoming one of the largest in Europe. It originally included a keep, imposing ramparts, a church (Saint George’s), and noble residences.

From Fortress to Royal Residence
After William's death in 1087, the castle continued to play a major military and political role. It was notably used by the Plantagenet kings, descendants of William, who ruled over England and much of France.

Over the centuries, the fortress evolved: watchtowers were added, the ramparts reinforced, and the castle became a favored residence for the Dukes of Normandy and later the Kings of France, especially after the conquest of Normandy by King Philip Augustus in 1204.

A Stronghold Through Wars
Caen Castle weathered the centuries and numerous conflicts. During the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453), it was fiercely contested between the French and the English. Later, during the Wars of Religion and into the 17th century, it continued to serve as a military garrison.

However, it was in the 20th century, during World War II, that it suffered one of its greatest traumas. In 1944, during the Battle of Caen, the castle was heavily damaged by Allied bombings, as much of the city was destroyed.

A Heritage Renaissance
After the war, the castle experienced a true renaissance. Restoration campaigns were launched, and the site was gradually rehabilitated. Today, it houses several prestigious museums, including the Museum of Normandy (dedicated to the history and culture of the region) and the Caen Museum of Fine Arts, one of the richest in France in European painting.

The ramparts, accessible to the public, offer an exceptional panoramic view of the city. The castle is also a place for walks, cultural events, and educational activities, attracting thousands of visitors every year.

Conclusion
Caen Castle, born from the will of a conqueror, has evolved over the centuries into a living symbol of Norman history. From its foundation by William to its modern restoration, it embodies the memory of a region proud of its past, always looking to the future.